Beta Movement: An Overview
Beta movement, also known as the beta rhythm, is an electroencephalographic (EEG) phenomenon characterized by a rhythmic waveform with a frequency of between 13-30 Hz. It has been observed in the occipital lobe of the brain, and is most prominent when the individual is in a relaxed, alert state. This article provides an overview of the existing literature on beta movement, its physiological basis, and its potential clinical implications.
Physiological Basis
Beta movement is believed to be generated by the interaction of excitatory and inhibitory neuronal networks in the cortex. Specifically, the synchronized activity of thalamic and cortical neurons is thought to be responsible for the generation and maintenance of the rhythmic waveform. Beta movement is thought to represent an increase in cortical activity, with increased excitability leading to increased neuronal firing rates and consequently, increased beta activity.
Clinical Implications
Beta movement has been linked to a variety of different clinical conditions, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer’s disease, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Specifically, research has suggested that increased beta movement is associated with a reduction in attention and concentration, as well as increased impulsivity. In addition, beta movement has been linked to cognitive deficits and memory impairments in individuals with Alzheimer’s and ASD.
Conclusion
Beta movement is a rhythmic waveform observed in the EEG of individuals in a relaxed, alert state. It is believed to arise from the synchronized activity of thalamic and cortical neurons, and has been linked to a variety of different clinical conditions, including ADHD, Alzheimer’s, and ASD. Further research is needed to understand the physiological basis of beta movement and its potential clinical implications.
References
Barrios, M., Losilla, J. M., Puelles, E., & Díaz-Comas, L. (2015). Functional implications of the beta rhythm: Its role in selective attention and cognitive processes. Brain Research, 1622, 65-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2014.12.005
Kouijzer, M. E., de Moor, M. M., van der Molen, M. W., van Engeland, H., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2009). EEG resting state asymmetry and beta activity in boys with attention deficits and/or hyperactivity. Clinical Neurophysiology, 120(4), 696-704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2008.11.022
Kumar, M., Dey, R., & Goyal, V. (2017). Beta rhythm in EEG: A review. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00165
Meng, X., & Lu, J. (2014). Beta rhythm in Alzheimer’s disease: A review. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2014.00062
Mildner, T., & Ferenets, R. (2015). Beta rhythm in autism spectrum disorder: An overview. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00409