Enucleation is the surgical removal of the eye. It is a common procedure and is performed primarily for the treatment of intraocular tumors and other eye diseases. This article reviews the indications, preoperative preparation, intraoperative techniques, and postoperative management of enucleation.
Indications for Enucleation
Enucleation is primarily performed to treat intraocular tumors, such as retinoblastoma, melanoma, and metastatic tumors. It is also used to treat endophthalmitis, severe ocular trauma, and some cases of glaucoma. In cases of severe ocular trauma, enucleation may be performed to prevent the spread of infection.
Preoperative Preparation
Prior to the procedure, the patient should be thoroughly evaluated for any underlying medical conditions. The patient should also be counseled on the risks and benefits of enucleation. CT or MRI scans may be performed to evaluate the size and location of the tumor.
Intraoperative Techniques
The enucleation procedure is usually performed under general anesthesia. The eye is surgically removed by making an incision in the conjunctiva and sclera and then gently separating the extraocular muscles and orbital fat from the globe. The optic nerve is severed at the optic disc and the eye is removed. The extraocular muscles and orbital fat are then sutured together to prevent any postoperative complications.
Postoperative Management
Following the procedure, the patient should be evaluated for any signs of infection. The patient should also be monitored for signs of increased intraocular pressure. An artificial eye can be inserted to help restore the appearance of the eye.
Conclusion
Enucleation is a common procedure used to treat intraocular tumors, endophthalmitis, severe ocular trauma, and some cases of glaucoma. The procedure involves surgically removing the eye and then suturing the extraocular muscles and orbital fat together. Postoperative management includes monitoring for signs of infection and increased intraocular pressure, as well as inserting an artificial eye to restore the appearance of the eye.
References
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Kirby, R., Ching, A., & Tse, D. (2020). Enucleation. BMJ Best Practice. https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en/Enucleation
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