Introduction
Enuresis, or bed-wetting, is a condition wherein a person involuntarily urinates while asleep. It is a common problem that can affect children and even some adults. This article aims to review the scientific literature on enuresis and provide an overview of its causes, diagnosis, and treatment.
Prevalence
Enuresis is a common problem among children, with estimates of prevalence ranging from 5% to 20% depending on the age group and definition used. It is more common among boys than girls and is more likely to occur in younger children. It is also more prevalent in certain populations, such as low-income families, children with physical disabilities, or those living in rural areas.
Causes
The exact cause of enuresis is not well understood, but it is thought to be due to a combination of biological and psychological factors. Biological factors include urinary tract infections, structural abnormalities of the urinary tract, and an overactive bladder. Psychological factors may include stress, anxiety, or emotional issues.
Diagnosis
Enuresis is typically diagnosed by a physical examination and a review of the patient’s medical history. To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor may also order tests, such as a urinalysis or an ultrasound of the bladder.
Treatment
Treatment for enuresis typically involves a combination of behavioral and medical interventions. Behavioral interventions, such as bladder training, can help to increase bladder control. Medical interventions, such as medications or surgery, may be necessary for more severe cases.
Conclusion
Enuresis is a common problem that can affect both children and adults. It is thought to be caused by a combination of biological and psychological factors. Diagnosis is typically made through a physical examination and a review of the patient’s medical history. Treatment typically involves a combination of behavioral and medical interventions.
References
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2020). Bed-Wetting: Information for Families. Retrieved from https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/144/3/e20200288
Gopal, A. & Sankar, P. (2020). Enuresis: A review of current management. Indian Journal of Urology, 36(3), 191-198. https://doi.org/10.4103/iju.IJU_114_19
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2020). Urinary Incontinence in Children. Retrieved from https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-incontinence-children