Epilepsy is a neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures, or changes in behavior, sensation, or consciousness caused by sudden electrical discharges in the brain. It is estimated that up to 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy, making it one of the most common neurological disorders (Fisher, Acevedo, & Arzimanoglou, 2014). Although the exact cause of epilepsy is unknown, it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
The most common symptoms of epilepsy include sudden muscle jerks, loss of consciousness, and changes in behavior, including confusion and repetitive movements. Other symptoms may include vision problems, sensory changes, and changes in mood or behavior (NINDS, 2016). The severity of symptoms can vary from person to person, and can range from mild to severe.
Epilepsy can be classified into two main types: generalized and partial. Generalized epilepsy is characterized by seizures that involve the entire brain, while partial epilepsy is characterized by seizures that originate in a specific area of the brain (NINDS, 2016). Treatment for epilepsy typically involves medication, lifestyle modifications, and in some cases, surgery.
In conclusion, epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that is characterized by recurrent seizures or changes in behavior, sensation, or consciousness caused by sudden electrical discharges in the brain. It is classified into two main types: generalized and partial, and the severity of symptoms can vary from person to person. Treatment typically involves medication, lifestyle modifications, and in some cases, surgery.
References
Fisher, R.S., Acevedo, C., & Arzimanoglou, A. (2014). Epilepsy across the spectrum: Promoting health and understanding. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
NINDS. (2016). Epilepsy information page. Retrieved October 8, 2020, from https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Epilepsy-Fact-Sheet