Equity Theory: A Comprehensive Overview
Abstract
The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of Equity Theory, which is a major branch of social exchange theory. Equity Theory is based on the premise that people compare their inputs and outcomes in a relationship to the inputs and outcomes of their partner. This comparison is used to determine the fairness of the relationship. The article will discuss the theoretical underpinnings of Equity Theory, its implications for workplace relationships, and how it can be used to explain a variety of social phenomena, such as attraction, commitment, and satisfaction.
Keywords: Equity Theory, Social Exchange Theory, Inputs, Outcomes, Equity, Fairness
Introduction
Equity Theory is a branch of social exchange theory which focuses on the perceived fairness of relationships. This theory was developed by John Stacey Adams in 1963 and has since become a popular tool for understanding social relationships. The premise of Equity Theory is that people are motivated to maintain equitable relationships, where both partners are perceived as receiving fair and equitable inputs and outcomes. This article will provide an overview of Equity Theory, including its theoretical underpinnings, implications for workplace relationships, and how it can be used to explain a variety of social phenomena.
Theoretical Underpinnings
Equity Theory is based on the idea that people compare their inputs and outcomes in a relationship to the inputs and outcomes of their partner. This comparison is used to determine the fairness of the relationship. According to the theory, people are motivated to maintain relationships that are perceived as equitable. If they perceive that they are not receiving a fair share, then they may attempt to restore equity by changing their own inputs or outcomes, or by attempting to change their partner’s inputs or outcomes.
Implications for Workplace Relationships
Equity Theory has implications for workplace relationships. Specifically, it suggests that employees are likely to be motivated to work harder if they perceive that their contributions are being recognized and rewarded. Conversely, employees may be less motivated if they feel that their contributions are not being valued. This suggests that organizations should strive to create an equitable work environment, where employees feel that their contributions are being fairly recognized and rewarded.
Explaining Social Phenomena
Equity Theory can be used to explain a variety of social phenomena, such as attraction, commitment, and satisfaction. For example, people may be more likely to be attracted to a potential partner if they perceive that the relationship is equitable. Similarly, people may be more likely to stay in a relationship if they perceive it to be equitable. Finally, people may be more satisfied with a relationship if they perceive that it is equitable.
Conclusion
This article has provided a comprehensive overview of Equity Theory. Equity Theory is a branch of social exchange theory that focuses on the perceived fairness of relationships. The theory suggests that people are motivated to maintain relationships that are perceived as equitable. Equity Theory has implications for workplace relationships and can be used to explain a variety of social phenomena, such as attraction, commitment, and satisfaction.
References
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