Langerhans Cells: An Overview
Langerhans cells are an important type of antigen-presenting cell (APC) found in the skin, respiratory tract, and mucosa. They are essential for regulating the body’s immune response to environmental antigens and for initiating an immune response against pathogens. In this review, we discuss the structure, function, and role of Langerhans cells in immune responses.
Structure
Langerhans cells are derived from bone marrow-derived monocytes and are a subset of the dendritic cell family. They are characterized by the presence of Birbeck granules, which are electron-dense intracytoplasmic organelles. They also possess surface markers such as CD1a, CD11c, and MHC class II molecules, which are important for antigen presentation.
Function
The primary function of Langerhans cells is to act as APCs. They take up antigens from their environment and present them on their cell surface. This triggers an immune response towards the antigens, which is mediated by other immune cells such as T cells. Langerhans cells can also secrete cytokines, which help to regulate the immune response.
Role in Immunity
Langerhans cells play a vital role in the body’s immune response. They are important for initiating and regulating the immune response to antigens, as well as for initiating an immune response against pathogens. Furthermore, they are essential for the development of immune tolerance, which is necessary for preventing autoimmune diseases.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Langerhans cells are an important type of APC found in the skin, respiratory tract, and mucosa. They are essential for regulating the body’s immune response to environmental antigens and for initiating an immune response against pathogens. They take up antigens and present them on their cell surface, which triggers an immune response. Additionally, they also secrete cytokines, which help to regulate the immune response.
References
Galli, S. J., & Tsai, M. (2017). The diverse roles of langerhans cells in immune responses. Immunological Reviews, 277(1), 36-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.12501
Harmon, M. W., & Stark, L. B. (2013). Langerhans Cells: A Link Between Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Advances in Immunology, 119, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394595-5.00001-0
Nguyen, T. T., & Stockinger, B. (2010). Langerhans Cells: Unlocking the Secrets of the Skin’s Immune System. Annual Review of Immunology, 28(1), 367-399. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-030409-101311