Learning is a process by which an individual acquires knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors. It is an ongoing process that occurs throughout life, beginning in childhood and continuing through adulthood. Learning is essential in developing and maintaining cognitive, social, and motor skills. It is also important for developing self-awareness, problem-solving skills, and the ability to adjust to changes in the environment.
Learning can be divided into two main categories, conscious and unconscious. Conscious learning occurs when an individual is consciously aware of the material they are learning and actively engages with it. Examples of conscious learning include memorization, problem-solving, and decision-making. Unconscious learning occurs when an individual is not consciously aware of the material they are learning, but nonetheless acquires knowledge through observation or experience. Examples of unconscious learning include language acquisition, habit formation, and implicit memory.
Learning is often facilitated through the use of various teaching methods, such as guided instruction, independent learning, cooperative learning, and problem-based learning. Effective learning also requires an environment that is conducive to learning, such as one that provides adequate resources, support, and motivation.
Further Reading:
-Bruner, J. (1966). Toward a theory of instruction. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
-Gagne, R.M. (1985). The conditions of learning (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
-Glaser, R. (1978). Advances in instructional psychology (Vol. 2). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
-Kirschner, P.A., Sweller, J., & Clark, R.E. (2006). Why minimal guidance during instruction does not work: An analysis of the failure of constructivist, discovery, problem-based, experiential, and inquiry-based teaching. Educational Psychologist, 41(2), 75-86.
-Kolb, D.A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.