Manic-Depressive Reaction (General): Definition, History, and Further Reading
Manic-depressive reaction (MDR) is a broad term used to refer to any mental health disorder that is characterized by both manic and depressive episodes. MDR is also referred to as bipolar disorder, which is a more precise term for this condition. MDR is a complex and serious mental disorder that can have a profound effect on an individual’s life and can lead to serious complications if left untreated.
The term “manic-depressive reaction” was first coined by German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin in the late 19th century. He noted that individuals with this disorder experienced both manic and depressive episodes, which often occurred in a cyclical pattern. Kraepelin believed that manic-depressive reaction was a distinct disorder from the more common depressive disorder. In modern times, MDR has come to be more commonly referred to as bipolar disorder, as this more accurately describes the cyclical nature of the disorder.
MDR is characterized by the presence of both manic and depressive episodes. Manic episodes involve an elevated mood, increased energy, and impulsivity, while depressive episodes are characterized by a low mood and lack of energy. Individuals with MDR may experience alternating periods of mania and depression, or they may only experience one type of episode. In addition to episodes of mania and depression, individuals with MDR may experience periods of normal mood and functioning in between episodes.
MDR is a serious mental illness that can have a profound impact on an individual’s life. It is associated with an increased risk for suicide, substance abuse, and other serious complications. As such, it is important for individuals with MDR to receive prompt and appropriate treatment. Treatment typically includes medication and psychotherapy, and may be supplemented with other interventions, such as lifestyle changes and support groups.
In conclusion, MDR is a serious mental health disorder that is characterized by both manic and depressive episodes. It is a complex disorder, and can have serious consequences if left untreated. Treatment for MDR typically includes medication and psychotherapy, and may be supplemented with lifestyle changes and support groups.
Further Reading:
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Fiedorowicz, J. G., Endicott, J., & Solomon, D. A. (2015). Diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder. The New England Journal of Medicine, 373(8), 793-803.
Gitlin, M. J., & Peindl, K. S. (2015). Bipolar disorder: Treatment strategies and management. American Family Physician, 91(2), 93-100.
Hirschfeld, R. M. A., Lewis, L., & Vornik, L. A. (2003). Perceptions and impact of bipolar disorder: how far have we really come? Results of the national depressive and manic-depressive association 2000 survey of individuals with bipolar disorder. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 64(2), 161-174.
Kraepelin, E. (1899). Manic-depressive insanity and paranoia. Edinburgh: Livingstone.