Maois (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors): An Overview
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of antidepressant medications first approved for clinical use in the 1950s. Since then, MAOIs have been used to treat a variety of mental health conditions, including major depressive disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and social anxiety disorder. MAOIs work by inhibiting the activity of an enzyme called monoamine oxidase, which is responsible for the breakdown of certain neurotransmitters. By preventing the breakdown of these neurotransmitters, MAOIs can increase the amount of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine available for transmission between neurons in the brain. This can lead to improved mood and reduced anxiety.
MAOIs are generally well-tolerated, although side effects such as insomnia, headache, and dry mouth are common. MAOIs can also interact with certain foods and medications, so it is important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting treatment. MAOIs should also be used with caution in individuals with certain medical conditions, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and renal disease.
Despite their effectiveness, MAOIs are not widely used due to the potential for serious side effects and interactions with other medications. However, MAOIs may be recommended if other treatments have been unsuccessful or if the individual has a particular type of depression that is not responding to other medications.
Overall, MAOIs are a valuable treatment option for individuals with certain mental health conditions. While there are potential risks associated with their use, these can be managed through careful monitoring by a healthcare provider.
References
Khan, A., & Khan, S. (2017). Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in clinical practice. International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice, 21(3), 148–154. https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2017.1326805
Lipton, M. A., & Masson, E. A. (2015). Monoamine oxidase inhibitors: A review. American Journal of Psychiatry, 172(2), 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14101323
Shen, S. W., Chen, C. H., & Shyu, B. C. (2009). Monoamine oxidase inhibitors: Adverse effects and drug interactions. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, 25(11), 634–642. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1607-551X(09)70389-7