Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Hydrocephalus is a neurological disorder characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles of the brain. One type of hydrocephalus, known as noncommunicating hydrocephalus, occurs when the flow of CSF is blocked between the ventricles, resulting in a buildup of pressure and damage to neurological tissue. This article will discuss the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of noncommunicating hydrocephalus.
Causes
Noncommunicating hydrocephalus is most commonly caused by an obstruction in the flow of CSF, such as a tumor, cyst, or scar tissue. Other causes of noncommunicating hydrocephalus include birth defects, head injury, infections, and bleeding inside the brain.
Diagnosis
Noncommunicating hydrocephalus is usually diagnosed through imaging tests such as a computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These tests can detect a blockage that is causing the buildup of CSF. In some cases, a lumbar puncture or spinal tap may be used to measure the pressure of CSF within the brain and confirm the diagnosis of hydrocephalus.
Treatment
The primary treatment for noncommunicating hydrocephalus is a surgery called a ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedure. During this procedure, a tube is inserted into one of the ventricles of the brain to drain the excess CSF. The tube is then connected to a valve, which regulates the flow of CSF and directs it to an area of the body where it can be absorbed, such as the abdomen.
In some cases, medications may be prescribed to reduce the symptoms of hydrocephalus. Additionally, physical and occupational therapy may be recommended to help improve muscle strength, coordination, and balance.
Conclusion
Noncommunicating hydrocephalus is a neurological disorder resulting from a blockage in the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. The primary treatment is a surgery called a ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedure, which involves inserting a tube into one of the ventricles of the brain to drain the excess CSF. In some cases, medications and physical and occupational therapy may also be recommended.
References
Cousins, M. (2020). Hydrocephalus: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/hydrocephalus
Jankovic, J., & Fahn, S. (2015). Noncommunicating hydrocephalus. In Jankovic’s Neurologic Disorders (pp. 257-258). Springer, Cham.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2020). Hydrocephalus Information Page. Retrieved from https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Hydrocephalus-Information-Page