PMDD: Can It Be Cured?
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). It is a monthly cyclical hormonal condition that affects women of reproductive age, typically between the ages of 25 and 40. PMDD can be a debilitating disorder that interferes with daily functioning. The exact cause of PMDD is unknown, though it is thought to be caused by a combination of hormonal and psychological factors. PMDD is often accompanied by a variety of physical and emotional symptoms that can include depression, anxiety, irritability, mood swings, insomnia, and physical pain.
History of PMDD
The concept of PMDD was first introduced in the medical literature in the 1980s. Prior to this, PMS had been recognized as a possible cause of physical and emotional symptoms in women of reproductive age. However, it was not until the mid-1980s that researchers began to recognize the more severe form of PMS, now known as PMDD. Since then, research has continued to explore the biological, psychological, and environmental factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of PMDD.
Characteristics of PMDD
PMDD is characterized by a set of psychological and physical symptoms that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, which is the two weeks following ovulation. The most common symptoms of PMDD include depression, anxiety, irritability, mood swings, insomnia, physical pain, and fatigue. It is important to note that PMDD is distinct from other menstrual-related disorders, such as endometriosis and premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
Treatment and Cure
Currently, there is no known cure for PMDD. However, there are a variety of treatment options available that can help to reduce or eliminate symptoms. These include lifestyle changes, such as exercising regularly and eating a healthy diet, as well as medications and psychotherapy. Additionally, some women have found relief from complementary and alternative treatments, such as yoga, meditation, and acupuncture. It is important for those with PMDD to work closely with their healthcare provider to find the best treatment plan for their individual needs.
Conclusion
PMDD is a debilitating disorder that can have a significant impact on a woman’s quality of life. While there is currently no known cure for PMDD, there are a variety of treatment options available that may help to reduce or eliminate symptoms. It is important for those with PMDD to work closely with their healthcare provider to find the best treatment plan for their individual needs.
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Freeman, E. W., Rickels, K., Sondheimer, S. J., & Polansky, M. (2002). Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: A review of diagnosis and treatment. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 6(2), 111-122. doi:10.1080/13651500220147194
Halbreich, U., Freeman, E., Endicott, J., & Yonkers, K. (2005). Premenstrual syndromes and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: Terminology, etiology, epidemiology, and diagnosis. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 30(5), 467-484. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2004.11.006
Thys-Jacobs, S., & Friedman, A. J. (2014). Clinical practice. Treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. New England Journal of Medicine, 370(22), 2131-2138. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1314304