Problem-focused Coping: A Promising Strategy for Stress Management
In the modern world, stress is an ever-present reality and has been linked to numerous adverse physical and psychological health outcomes (Beutel, Kappes, & Ritter, 2019). To mitigate the deleterious effects of stress, individuals must learn to effectively manage it (Beutel et al., 2019). Problem-focused coping (PFC) has been identified as an effective strategy for stress management (Folkman & Lazarus, 1990). This article will discuss the definition of PFC, its benefits, and how individuals can use it to manage stress.
Defining Problem-focused Coping
PFC is an active, goal-oriented coping strategy that is used to address the source of stress (Folkman & Lazarus, 1990). Such strategies involve efforts to change or modify the stressful situation, or to develop a plan to cope with it (Folkman & Lazarus, 1990). In contrast to emotion-focused coping strategies, which involve methods to regulate or control emotions, PFC does not focus on managing emotions but rather on actively engaging with the source of stress (Folkman & Lazarus, 1990).
Benefits of Problem-focused Coping
Research indicates that PFC is associated with better mental health outcomes than emotion-focused coping (Folkman & Lazarus, 1990). Specifically, individuals who employ PFC report lower levels of distress, less emotional exhaustion, and increased well-being (Folkman & Lazarus, 1990). Additionally, PFC has been found to be effective in reducing psychological symptoms such as depression and anxiety (Folkman & Lazarus, 1990).
In addition to its psychological benefits, PFC has been found to have positive physical health outcomes. Studies have found that individuals who use PFC are less likely to experience headaches, fatigue, and other physical symptoms of stress (Folkman & Lazarus, 1990). Further, PFC has been linked to lower levels of physiological arousal, such as heart rate and blood pressure (Folkman & Lazarus, 1990).
How to Use Problem-focused Coping
To effectively employ PFC, individuals must first identify the source of their stress. Once the source is identified, individuals can develop a plan to address it. This plan might involve problem-solving, creative brainstorming, and researching potential solutions. Additionally, individuals should strive to maintain a positive attitude and be mindful of their thoughts and feelings while engaging in PFC.
Conclusion
In summary, PFC is an effective strategy for stress management that is associated with improved psychological and physical health outcomes. Individuals who are looking to manage their stress should consider employing PFC as a means to address the source of their stress.
References
Beutel, M. E., Kappes, B., & Ritter, M. (2019). Stress and health: The mediating role of emotion-focused and problem-focused coping. International Journal of Stress Management, 26(2), 88-103.
Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1990). Coping and adaptation. In W. Damon (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 1. Theoretical models of human development (pp. 779-844). New York, NY: Wiley.