Pronation is a biomechanical action that occurs when the foot rolls inward and the ankle joint flexes during the contact of the foot with the ground. It is a normal and necessary movement that allows the body to absorb shock, maintain balance, and adapt to uneven surfaces (Powers & Howley, 2012). Pronation is also used to increase the range of motion in the lower leg and foot muscles, allowing them to contract more quickly and efficiently (Chandrashekar, 2018).
The term “pronation” refers to the direction of the foot as it rolls inward, usually at an angle of approximately 15 degrees (Chandrashekar, 2018). During pronation, the ankle joint flexes, the forefoot adducts, and the hindfoot everts, allowing the foot to spread and flatten out (Powers & Howley, 2012). During the pronation phase of the gait cycle, the foot is in contact with the ground for a longer period of time, allowing the body to absorb and redistribute the forces placed upon it (Chandrashekar, 2018).
The amount of pronation that occurs is determined by a number of factors, including the position of the foot relative to the ground, the body’s weight, and the joint stiffness of the foot and ankle (Powers & Howley, 2012). Excessive pronation can lead to decreased balance and stability, increased risk of injury, and decreased performance (Chandrashekar, 2018). It is therefore important to assess and monitor pronation to ensure that the body is able to move efficiently and effectively.
Pronation is a complex biomechanical action that is necessary for efficient and effective movement. It is important to assess and monitor pronation to ensure that the body is able to move efficiently and effectively.
References
Chandrashekar, N. (2018). Pronation and supination: Biomechanics, clinical implications, and management. International Journal of Clinical Rheumatology, 13(6), 693-700.
Powers, C. M., & Howley, E. T. (2012). Exercise Physiology: Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.