Psychogenic nocturnal polydipsia (PNP) is a rare condition characterized by excessive drinking during the night, and is typically seen in individuals who have mental health conditions such as schizophrenia and major depression (Bhugra, 1997). The exact cause of PNP is still unknown; however, it is thought to be associated with an imbalance of hormones and neurotransmitters, which can lead to an increased thirst during the night (Khalil et al., 2018).
People with PNP tend to drink large amounts of fluids during the night, often up to several liters, and may wake up several times a night to drink (Girgis et al., 2016). This excessive drinking can lead to significant health complications such as hyponatremia, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance (Girgis et al., 2016). Furthermore, PNP can interfere with an individual’s sleep and cause fatigue during the day, which can lead to further mental health issues (Khalil et al., 2018).
The diagnosis of PNP can be difficult as it is often confused with other conditions such as diabetes insipidus and primary polydipsia (Girgis et al., 2016). Therefore, a thorough medical history and physical examination are essential to rule out other causes of excessive drinking. Additionally, laboratory tests such as blood tests and urine tests can be used to measure electrolyte levels and rule out other conditions (Girgis et al., 2016).
The treatment of PNP is typically focused on treating the underlying mental health condition, as this is thought to be the primary cause of the condition (Khalil et al., 2018). Additionally, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been used to help individuals manage their drinking behavior and reduce the amount of fluids they drink during the night (Girgis et al., 2016). Medications such as antipsychotics and antidepressants may also be used to help regulate hormones and neurotransmitters in order to reduce the urge to drink excessively (Khalil et al., 2018).
In conclusion, psychogenic nocturnal polydipsia is a rare condition characterized by excessive drinking during the night. It is often associated with mental health conditions, and can lead to significant health complications. Therefore, a thorough medical evaluation is essential for diagnosis, and treatment should include both addressing the underlying mental health condition and using cognitive behavioral therapy to help manage drinking behavior.
References
Bhugra, D. (1997). Psychogenic nocturnal polydipsia. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 171(3), 253-255.
Girgis, R.R., El-Haddad, M., & Adel, T. (2016). Managing psychogenic polydipsia. Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders, 18(1).
Khalil, H., Phatak, P., & Bhatia, T. (2018). Psychogenic polydipsia: A review of diagnosis and management. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 40(2), 161-167.