Random Error: Causes and Mitigation
Random error, or “noise”, is a type of error that exists in the measurement process. It is often caused by the measurement instrument or the environment in which the measurement is taken. It is important to understand the sources of random error, as well as ways to reduce its effect on the measurement process.
Sources of Random Error
Random error is caused by unknown and unpredictable fluctuations in the measurement environment (Bogner, 1996). These fluctuations can be caused by a variety of factors, such as measurement instrument imprecision, environmental conditions, physical movement of the instrument, or operator error (Huitema, 2001). For example, if a thermometer is used to measure temperature, it may not be accurate to the tenth of a degree because of imprecision in the instrument. Similarly, if the environment in which the measurement is taken is not properly controlled, such as differences in temperature or humidity, this can also cause random error. Finally, if the operator of the measurement instrument is not experienced or is careless, this can lead to random error.
Mitigation of Random Error
The best way to reduce the effects of random error is to use a well-calibrated instrument and to control the environment in which measurements are taken (Huitema, 2001). Calibration of the instrument ensures that it is accurate and precise. Controlling the environment in which the measurements are taken helps to reduce the effects of external factors, such as temperature, humidity, or physical movement of the instrument. Additionally, it is important to use a trained operator who is knowledgeable and experienced in the operation of the measurement instrument.
Conclusion
Random error is an important factor to consider when measuring physical quantities. It can be caused by a variety of factors, such as the inaccuracy of the measurement instrument, environmental conditions, or operator error. To reduce the effects of random error, it is important to use a well-calibrated instrument, control the environment in which measurements are taken, and use an experienced and knowledgeable operator.
References
Bogner, A. (1996). Sources of error in measurement: Random errors. International Journal of Thermophysics, 17(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00202271
Huitema, K. (2001). Error and uncertainty in physical measurements. Cambridge University Press.