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Variable-Ratio Schedules: The Science of Getting Hooked

By Mohammed looti / / 1 min read
Scientifically Reviewed · Dr. Marwa Abd-Alazim · September 11, 2026
Medically & Scientifically Reviewed Verified: September 11, 2026
Dr. Marwa Abd-Alazim PhD in Psychology
Faculty Member • University of Kerbala
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This content undergoes rigorous scientific peer-review and medical editorial standards at Arab Psychology Network to ensure clinical accuracy, validity, and compliance with evidence-based guidelines from leading psychological and healthcare authorities (APA / WHO).

Variable-Ratio Schedules: The Science of Getting Hooked
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

Where reinforcements are scheduled randomly as determined by the number of responses needed for reinforcement. The number of responses varies from reinforcement to reinforcement.

RANDOM-RATIO SCHEDULE (RR SCHEDULE): “Random-ratio schedules feature a different number of responses needed for reinforcement from reinforcement to reinforcement. That is perhaps five responses needed for the first, 20 for the second and so on.”
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About the Author: Mohammed looti

An academic and researcher specialized in educational psychology and a faculty member at the University of Kerbala. He holds a PhD in his field, and his research interests center on positive psychology, the development of psychological scales, and cognitive emotion regulation. Dr. Looti is distinguished by his contemporary research approach, focusing on the psychological effects of modern technology and artificial intelligence on mental health and identity formation among young people. His scholarly contributions also extend to studying the dynamics of family communication and its role in building self-efficacy and leadership skills, in addition to his research on mindfulness programs and psychological recovery — making him an active researcher enriching the field of educational and applied psychology.

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Cite This Article

looti, M. (2026, September 11). Variable-Ratio Schedules: The Science of Getting Hooked. Encyclopedia of psychology. https://encyclopedia.arabpsychology.com/random-ratio-schedule-rr-schedule/
looti, Mohammed. “Variable-Ratio Schedules: The Science of Getting Hooked.” Encyclopedia of psychology, 11 September 2026, https://encyclopedia.arabpsychology.com/random-ratio-schedule-rr-schedule/.
looti, Mohammed. “Variable-Ratio Schedules: The Science of Getting Hooked.” Encyclopedia of psychology. September 11, 2026. https://encyclopedia.arabpsychology.com/random-ratio-schedule-rr-schedule/.

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