Restraint is an important behavior management tool used in a variety of settings, from clinical to educational to correctional. It is defined as any physical or mechanical method, device, material, or equipment that immobilizes or reduces the ability of an individual to move his or her arms, legs, body, or head freely (American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2020). Its primary aim is to protect both the individual and those around them from potential harm. This article provides an overview of the use of restraint, its effects, and ethical considerations related to its use.
Restraint is employed in a variety of settings and may be used in response to a variety of behaviors. In clinical settings, restraint is most commonly used in cases involving people with mental illness or intellectual disabilities who pose a risk of self-harm or harm to others (American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2020). It is also used in educational settings to manage disruptive behavior, and in correctional settings to control violent or aggressive behavior. In all cases, however, it is only used as a last resort after other less restrictive methods have been exhausted (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
The use of restraint has been associated with both positive and negative effects. On the one hand, it can be effective in preventing harm and protecting both the individual and those around them. On the other hand, it can have a detrimental impact on the individual, including physical injury, psychological trauma, and emotional distress (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Furthermore, its use can lead to a feeling of being powerless or humiliated, especially when used on people with disabilities or mental illness (American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2020).
The use of restraint poses ethical concerns as well. For instance, it can be seen as a violation of an individual’s right to autonomy and as a form of punishment. Furthermore, its use can lead to a power imbalance between the person restraining and the person being restrained (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). In addition, the potential for physical and psychological harm suggests that its use should be carefully considered and monitored (American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2020).
In conclusion, restraint is a behavior management tool used in a variety of settings to protect individuals and those around them from potential harm. While it can be effective in some cases, it can also have a detrimental impact on the individual and poses ethical concerns. It is important to consider the potential risks and benefits of restraint and to ensure that it is only used as a last resort.
References
American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. (2020). The use of restraints in psychiatric settings. Retrieved from https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/The-Use-of-Restraints-in-Psychiatric-Settings-051.aspx
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Psychiatric services: Use of physical restraints and seclusion. American Psychiatric Association practice guideline for the psychiatric evaluation of adults (pp. 57-63). Retrieved from https://psychiatryonline.org/pb/assets/raw/sitewide/practice_guidelines/guidelines/restraints.pdf