Retrieval, also known as recall, is the process of obtaining information from memory. It is an essential cognitive process that allows us to remember and access information that we have learned or stored in our long-term memory. Retrieval is a critical component of learning and is necessary for understanding, discussing, and applying knowledge (Bjork, 1994).
Retrieval is an active process of locating stored information in memory. Retrieval involves both recognition, which is the ability to identify previously encountered information, and recall, which is the ability to remember information without any cues (Karpicke & Roediger, 2008). Retrieval is also dependent on context and environment; the ability to recall information is affected by the type of stimuli present during retrieval, such as cues and reminders (Tulving & Osler, 1968).
Retrieval is a complex cognitive process that requires several steps to be successful. First, an individual must recognize the information that needs to be recalled. Next, the individual must search for the relevant information in memory. Finally, the individual must activate and bring the relevant information to the conscious level. This process is known as the retrieval process (Reed & Johnson, 2010).
Retrieval is important for learning and memory. It is essential for understanding, discussing, and applying knowledge. Retrieval is a complex cognitive process that requires several steps to be successful. Understanding the retrieval process can help educators create effective learning strategies to improve student performance.
References
Bjork, R.A. (1994). Memory and metamemory considerations in the training of human beings. In J. Metcalfe & A. Shimamura (Eds.), Metacognition: Knowing about knowing (pp. 185-205). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Karpicke, J.D. & Roediger, H.L. (2008). The critical importance of retrieval for learning. Science, 319(5865), 966-968.
Reed, J.E. & Johnson, M.K. (2010). Retrieval processes in memory. In B.H. Ross (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 52, pp. 1-36). Burlington, MA: Academic Press.
Tulving, E. & Osler, S. (1968). Effectiveness of retrieval cue in cued recall and recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 76(3), 473-481.