Psychosomatic Digestion: How Your Brain Controls Saliva
Scientifically Reviewed · Dr. Marwa Abd-Alazim · September 29, 2026
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Salivary Glands: Anatomical Overview and Physiological Function
The salivary glands are highly complex and sophisticated organs that play a vital role in the digestive process. Located in the floor of the mouth and on each side of the cheeks, they secrete saliva, a mixture of water, mucus, and enzymes essential for the digestion of food. Anatomically, salivary glands are composed of a number of differently sized and shaped lobes. They mainly consist of a combination of acini and ducts, which are responsible for the production and secretion of saliva. The acini are the major sites of saliva production, while the ducts transport the saliva to the oral cavity.
The primary function of salivary glands is to secrete saliva into the oral cavity and to maintain a moist environment in the oral cavity. Saliva helps to hydrate and lubricate the oral cavity and makes swallowing and speaking easier. It also helps to protect the oral cavity from infection by maintaining a neutral pH and by containing antibacterial agents. Additionally, saliva contains enzymes such as amylase that aid in the digestion of carbohydrates and proteins.
In addition to these physiological roles, salivary glands also play a role in the olfactory system. The saliva contains a variety of odorant molecules that are detected by the olfactory receptors. This allows for the perception of tastes, such as sweet and sour, and for the detection of odors.
The anatomy and physiology of salivary glands is complex and highly integrated. A variety of congenital and acquired conditions can occur within the salivary glands. Therefore, it is important to understand the anatomy and physiology of the salivary glands in order to diagnose and treat any conditions that may develop.
References
Bakker, S., & Touw, H. (2015). Salivary Glands: Anatomy and Physiology. Advances in Otolaryngology, 4(1), 1-10.
Cunnane, S. C., & Faupel-Liggenstorfer, J. (2015). Salivary Glands: Anatomy, Physiology and Disease. Journal of Dental Research, 94(7), 883–891.
Lang, B., & Bürgers, R. (2019). Salivary Glands: Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology. Oral Diseases, 25(2), 145-157.
