Schizophreniform Disorder: An Overview
Schizophreniform disorder is a severe mental disorder characterized by psychotic symptoms that are similar to those of schizophrenia but typically last for a shorter period of time. It is a form of psychosis, characterized by symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and disturbances in behavior and thought (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). It is generally considered to be a milder form of schizophrenia, with the majority of individuals recovering within one to two years (Meyer et al., 2019).
In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the criteria for a diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder are: (1) a period of illness with psychotic symptoms similar to those of schizophrenia, (2) a duration of at least one month but less than six months, and (3) the absence of a schizoaffective disorder or a mood disorder with psychotic features (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Symptoms of schizophreniform disorder can include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior, difficulty in thinking or concentrating, and affective symptoms such as flattened affect, apathy, or inappropriate emotions (Meyer et al., 2019).
The causes of this disorder are not fully understood but are thought to involve a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors. Biological factors may include genetic and neurobiological factors, such as abnormal brain development or serotonin levels (Meyer et al., 2019). Psychological factors may include childhood trauma or stressful life events, while social factors may include poverty, urban living, or substance abuse (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
Treatment of schizophreniform disorder typically involves a combination of antipsychotic medications and psychotherapy. Antipsychotic medications can help reduce the severity of symptoms and allow the individual to function in everyday life. Psychotherapy can help individuals understand and cope with their symptoms, and develop better social and interpersonal skills (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In conclusion, schizophreniform disorder is a severe mental disorder characterized by psychotic symptoms that are similar to those of schizophrenia but typically last for a shorter period of time. It is generally considered to be a milder form of schizophrenia, with the majority of individuals recovering within one to two years. Treatment typically involves a combination of antipsychotic medications and psychotherapy.
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Meyer, J. S., Soreca, I., & McGlashan, T. H. (2019). Schizophreniform disorder: A review. Current Psychiatry Reports, 21(5), 34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-019-0997-x