Introduction
Sjögren syndrome is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the destruction of the exocrine glands of the body, resulting in dryness of the eyes, mouth, and other areas. It is the second most common autoimmune disorder in the United States after rheumatoid arthritis, affecting an estimated 4 million people in the U.S. alone (National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, 2019). This article will discuss the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of Sjögren syndrome.
Symptoms
The primary symptoms of Sjögren syndrome are dryness of the eyes, mouth, and other areas of the body. Other common symptoms include dry skin, itching, fatigue, decreased sense of taste and smell, joint pain, and recurrent infections (National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, 2019).
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of Sjögren syndrome is based on a combination of clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory tests, and imaging studies (National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, 2019). Blood tests may be used to measure levels of certain autoantibodies, including antinuclear antibodies (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), and anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La antibodies. Imaging tests may be used to assess the condition of the salivary and lacrimal glands.
Treatment
The primary goal of treatment for Sjögren syndrome is to reduce the symptoms and increase comfort. This can be achieved through the use of topical lubricants for the eyes and mouth, as well as systemic medications such as anti-inflammatory drugs and immunosuppressants (National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, 2019). In addition, lifestyle modifications such as reducing caffeine and alcohol intake, avoiding dry environments, and using a humidifier can help to relieve the symptoms.
Conclusion
Sjögren syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by the destruction of the exocrine glands, resulting in dryness of the eyes, mouth, and other areas. The diagnosis of Sjögren syndrome is based on a combination of clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. The primary goal of treatment is to reduce the symptoms and increase comfort, which can be achieved through the use of topical lubricants, systemic medications, and lifestyle modifications.
References
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. (2019). Sjögren Syndrome. Retrieved from https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/sjogrens-syndrome