The providing of assistance or comfort to other people to help them cope with a variety of problems. Support comes from interpersonal relationships, family members, neighbours, support groups, religious groups and friends. It has a positive effect in times of stress. See coping; social integration.
Introduction
Social support is a concept that describes how we flourish and survive in our social environments. It is a pervasive and fundamental aspect of human psychology. Our social networks can connect us with individuals who can help us overcome obstacles and achieve our goals, from family and friends to colleagues and mentors.
Definition
Social support is the psychological term for the psychological and physical consolation that comes from our connections with others. It is essential for preserving both mental and physical health and can come in the form of counsel, direction, understanding, or practical assistance.
Background and Context
Historical Perspective
In the middle of the 20th century, as psychologists began to emphasize the influence of interpersonal relationships on wellbeing, the idea of social support emerged. Cobb (1976), one of the pioneering researchers, emphasized the importance of social support in protecting against life stressors and preserving psychological health.
When positive psychology first emerged in the late 20th century, it further highlighted the significance of social support by identifying it as a crucial element of human resilience and happiness.
Current State of Research
Social support research is currently being conducted in a number of academic fields, including psychology, sociology, public health, and social work. It looks into the effects of various forms of social support (such as emotional, informational, and instrumental) on a range of outcomes, including resilience, mental and physical health, and academic or professional success.
New research fields investigating the function of online social support through social media platforms, online communities, and telehealth services have also emerged as a result of technological advancements.
Importance
For a number of reasons, it is crucial to understand social support. It has been associated with better physical and mental health outcomes, such as lower rates of depression, stronger immune systems, and greater life satisfaction. Additionally, it’s essential for fostering resiliency, assisting people in managing life’s stresses, and cultivating a sense of community and belonging.
Social support is also essential for intervention and therapy. As part of therapy, therapists frequently involve their patients’ social networks. Numerous community organizations and support groups also provide vital resources for people dealing with a range of difficulties.
Key Concepts and Terminologies
- Emotional Support: The offering of empathy, care, love, and trust, which is integral in creating a sense of validation and acceptance.
- Informational Support: The provision of advice, suggestions, or information that a person can use to address problems.
- Instrumental Support: The provision of tangible aid and services that directly assist a person in need.
- Appraisal Support: The provision of information that is useful for self-evaluation purposes, such as constructive feedback and affirmation.
- Social Network: An individual’s social relationships, including friends, family, colleagues, mentors, and community members.
Practical Applications and Implications
Different practices in mental health, healthcare, education, and the workplace can benefit from understanding social support. As part of the treatment for various mental health conditions, mental health professionals frequently collaborate with patients to strengthen social support. Social support is crucial for patient recovery and managing chronic diseases in healthcare settings.
In education, positive peer and teacher relationships can improve students’ academic performance and mental health. Social support from coworkers and managers at work can increase job satisfaction and lower occupational stress.
The development of digital platforms and online interventions that support mental health and wellbeing can also be influenced by an understanding of the function of online social support.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is social support in psychology, and why is it important?
The comfort we receive from our relationships with others on a physical and emotional level is referred to as social support. It is crucial because it contributes to better physical and mental health, resilience, and a sense of belonging.
How do psychologists conduct research and gather data on social support?
To study social support, psychologists employ a variety of research techniques, such as surveys, interviews, and observational studies. They might analyze social networks to comprehend the composition and operation of support networks, or they might use particular scales to measure perceived social support, such as the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.
What are the different branches of social support in psychology?
Clinical psychology, community psychology, health psychology, and developmental psychology are just a few of the areas of psychology where social support research is conducted. It also has connections to fields like sociology, social work, and public health.
How do psychological theories and concepts of social support apply to daily life?
Social support is a concept that applies to our regular interactions with other individuals. It serves as a reminder of the value of having close, encouraging relationships and asking for assistance when we need it. It can direct how we support others, and it’s an important part of self-care and stress reduction.
Practical Applications and Implications
Recognizing and promoting social support can have a big impact on your life. Your well-being can be improved by regularly communicating with friends and family, taking part in local activities, and asking for or providing assistance when necessary. You can overcome obstacles more successfully when you rely on your support network during stressful or crisis situations.
Participating in online communities or forums can provide beneficial social support in a digital setting. These online spaces can be especially useful for people with specialized interests or for people who find it difficult to find support in their local communities because of their location, their identities, or their disabilities.
References
Cobb, S. (1976). Social support as a moderator of life stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 38(5), 300-314. DOI: 10.1097/00006842-197609000-00003
Uchino, B. N. (2004). Social support and physical health: Understanding the health consequences of relationships. Yale University Press.
Thoits, P. A. (2011). Mechanisms linking social ties and support to physical and mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 52(2), 145-161. DOI: 10.1177/0022146510395592