Tag: ear nose and throat

December 3, 2025 / Mohammed looti

NASAL 1

Definition and Core Concepts of Nasal Septal Deviation (NSD) The clinical entity referred to as Nasal 1 is fundamentally defined as Nasal Septal Deviation (NSD). This condition involves the structural displacement of the nasal septum—the crucial anatomical partition separating the two nasal cavities—from its ideal midline position. Anatomically, the septum is a composite structure, comprising […]

November 13, 2025 / Mohammed looti

SPASMODIC DYSPHONIA

Introduction and Definition of Spasmodic Dysphonia Spasmodic Dysphonia (SD), often categorized clinically as a form of focal laryngeal dystonia, represents a relatively rare disorder affecting the intricate control of the voice box, or larynx. This chronic neurological condition is characterized by involuntary movements or spasms of the laryngeal muscles during speech, leading to severe disruptions […]