Introduction to the Flexion Reflex The flexion reflex, commonly referred to as the withdrawal reflex, represents one of the most fundamental and evolutionarily ancient protective mechanisms embedded within the central nervous system of multicellular organisms. At its biological core, this reflex is characterized by an involuntary, rapid, and highly coordinated withdrawal of a limb or […]
Nociceptive Reflex: Neurophysiological Mechanisms and Clinical Implications Kieran A. Smith1*, Maria C. Corrêa2 and David E. Wigmore3 1Department of Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK 2Department of Neuroscience, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 3Department of Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Abstract Nociceptive reflexes are protective responses to potentially tissue damaging stimuli. They […]