Tag: neurological reflex

November 22, 2025 / Mohammed looti

PENDULAR KNEE JERK

Introduction to the Pendular Knee Jerk The pendular knee jerk, also formally recognized as the pendular patellar reflex, represents a significant finding in clinical neurology, serving as a powerful indicator of underlying central nervous system pathology. Unlike the normal, brisk knee jerk, which is characterized by a rapid contraction and immediate cessation of movement, the […]

November 7, 2025 / Mohammed looti

CUTANEOUS-PUPILLARY REFLEX

Introduction and Definition of the Cutaneous-Pupillary Reflex The Cutaneous-Pupillary Reflex, often referred to synonymously with or as a specific manifestation of the Ciliospinal Reflex, constitutes a critical component of the autonomic nervous system’s response repertoire. This reflex is defined precisely as the rapid, transient expansion of the pupil, known medically as mydriasis, which occurs subsequent […]