Introduction: Definition and Scope of Teratology Teratology is a specialized field of study within embryology and pathology dedicated to investigating the causes, mechanisms, and patterns of abnormal development, typically focusing on congenital anomalies, or birth defects. The term itself is derived from the Greek words teratos, meaning “monster” or “marvel,” and logia, meaning “study.” While […]
Introduction to Developmental Toxicology Developmental toxicology constitutes a specialized field within toxicology, developmental biology, and psychology that rigorously investigates the adverse effects induced by chemical, physical, or biological agents—collectively known as developmental toxicants or teratogens—on the developing organism. This discipline is fundamentally concerned with understanding how exposure to these harmful substances, particularly during the highly […]