The Anatomy of Research and the Scientific Method
Definition
The scientific method is a process used to answer questions and solve problems through observation and experimentation. It involves formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and then making a conclusion based on the results. The scientific method has evolved over time and is constantly being refined as new evidence and technologies become available.
History
The scientific method has been used since ancient times to answer questions about the natural world. Early scientists such as Aristotle and Galileo used the scientific method to observe the behavior of objects in the environment. They would form hypotheses about their observations and then test them through experiments. Over the centuries, the scientific method has become more precise and the methods of testing hypotheses have become increasingly sophisticated.
Characteristics
The scientific method is characterized by its use of empirical data and logical reasoning. Researchers use evidence from experiments and observations to develop hypotheses and test them. This process involves forming a hypothesis, collecting data, analyzing the data, and drawing a conclusion. The scientific method also emphasizes the use of replication and peer review to ensure the validity of the results.
Further Reading
Bauer, M. W., & Johnson, S. K. (2013). The scientific method: A primer for undergraduates. Journal of Undergraduate Research, 9, 1-7.
Gill, M. J. (2004). A short history of the scientific method. The American Biology Teacher, 66(4), 272-276.
Kumar, S., & Reddy, N. S. (2011). The scientific method: A tool for research. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 1(1), 24-31.