Wandering behavior is a common problem in elderly patients with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, and is associated with a wide range of negative outcomes. In this article, we review the literature on wandering behavior in elderly patients with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, with a focus on its causes, risk factors, and interventions.
The causes of wandering behavior in elderly patients with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease are not fully understood. However, research suggests that environmental factors, such as the presence of cues and objects in the environment that are familiar to the patient, can trigger a response to explore or wander. Other psychological factors, such as agitation, anxiety, and boredom, can also increase the likelihood of wandering behavior. In addition, inadequate supervision or lack of social support can contribute to wandering in these patients.
Several risk factors for wandering behavior in elderly patients with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease have been identified. These include cognitive impairment, advanced age, male gender, and the presence of physical impairments or disabilities. In addition, patients who have a history of wandering or of being lost are at increased risk for wandering behavior.
Interventions to reduce wandering behavior in elderly patients with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease are available. These include environmental modifications, such as providing cues that remind the patient of their location, and using physical barriers to limit access to areas outside of the patient’s home. In addition, behavioral interventions, such as providing meaningful activities and supervision, can help reduce the frequency of wandering behavior. Finally, pharmacological interventions, such as the use of anti-psychotic medications, can be used to reduce agitation and anxiety and thereby reduce the likelihood of wandering behavior.
In conclusion, wandering behavior is a common problem in elderly patients with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, and is associated with a wide range of negative outcomes. Research suggests that environmental, psychological, and physical factors can all contribute to wandering behavior in these patients. In addition, several risk factors have been identified, including cognitive impairment, advanced age, and male gender. Interventions to reduce wandering behavior are available, including environmental modifications, behavioral interventions, and pharmacological interventions.
References
Feng, H., Sun, Q., & Tang, B. (2017). Wandering behavior in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: Causes, risks and interventions. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 4(2), 183-188.
Mortimer, J. A., Borenstein, A. R., & Schuman, L. S. (2013). Wandering behavior in dementia: Prevalence, predictors, and prevention. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 39(9), 4-11.
Sloat, S. L., & McCurry, S. M. (2018). Wandering behavior in dementia: A review and proposed model of care. Clinical Nursing Research, 27(2), 163–182.