Adoption is an important part of the family structure and has been practiced since ancient times. It is a legal process in which a child is permanently placed in the care of a family other than their own biological parents. Adoption is a powerful tool for providing children with a loving and caring home, and it has been shown to have positive psychological, social, and economic benefits for both the child and the adoptive family.
The majority of adoptions in the United States are of children who have been relinquished by their birth parents. Factors influencing the decision to relinquish a child for adoption vary, but often include poverty, emotional immaturity, or lack of support from family and friends. The majority of adoptions are of children from the United States, but international adoptions are also common, and over the last few decades have become increasingly popular.
When children are adopted, it is important to consider the psychological, social, and economic implications for both the child and the adoptive family. Studies have found that adopted children often experience positive outcomes from adoption, including higher self esteem, improved educational attainment, and greater psychological well-being than non-adopted peers. Adoptive families have also been found to benefit from the adoption process, experiencing greater financial stability, improved family cohesion, and increased parental satisfaction.
In addition to the positive outcomes associated with adoption, there are also risks and challenges. For example, adopted children may experience identity confusion, attachment issues, and difficulty forming relationships due to their lack of a shared genetic background. In addition, some adoptive families may struggle to provide a stable and secure environment for their adopted children, as they may lack the necessary resources or experience.
Overall, adoption can be a powerful tool for creating positive outcomes for children and families. Adoptive parents should be aware of the risks and challenges associated with adoption, and be sure to receive the necessary support and resources to ensure a successful adoption.
References
Brodzinsky, D. M., Schechter, M. D., & Henig, R. M. (1992). Psychological adjustment of adopted children: A review. American Psychologist, 47(4), 1045-1054.
Grotevant, H. D., & McRoy, R. G. (2005). Adoption. In R. M. Lerner & L. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent psychology (3rd ed., pp. 567-587). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
McRoy, R. G., & Grotevant, H. D. (1999). Adoption. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 3. Status and social conditions of parenting (2nd ed., pp. 165-189). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Smith, T. W., & Howard, K. I. (1994). Outcomes in adopted children: A review. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35(3), 307-322.