Birth control, also known as contraception, is an important method of family planning for those wanting to avoid an unwanted pregnancy. This article will review the different types of birth control available, as well as their respective benefits and risks.
The most popular form of birth control is the contraceptive pill, which is taken orally. This form of birth control works by suppressing ovulation and thickening the cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to reach the egg. The pill also works to thin the lining of the uterus, making it difficult for a fertilized egg to implant (Alfouzan, et al., 2019). The pill is highly effective, with a 1-2% failure rate, and is suitable for those with busy lifestyles as it only needs to be taken once daily. It is also reversible, with periods returning to normal shortly after pill cessation.
The contraceptive injection is another popular method of birth control. This method involves the injection of hormones that prevent ovulation and is highly effective at preventing pregnancy. It typically lasts for three months and is suitable for those who do not wish to take a daily contraceptive pill (Kaur, et al., 2019). The injection is also reversible, with periods returning to normal after the injection has been stopped.
The intrauterine device (IUD) is another popular form of birth control. This device is inserted into the uterus and works by preventing sperm from reaching the egg, as well as thickening the cervical mucus. The device is highly effective, with a failure rate of less than 1%, and is suitable for those who want a long-acting form of contraception. It is also reversible, with fertility returning to normal shortly after removal. However, it should be noted that the IUD can cause side effects such as pain, abnormal bleeding, and infection (López-Varela & Domínguez, 2020).
Finally, barrier methods of birth control are also available. These methods involve the use of physical barriers such as condoms, diaphragms, and cervical caps to prevent sperm from reaching the egg. These methods are suitable for those who are looking for a quick and easy form of birth control. However, it should be noted that these methods are not as effective as other forms of contraception, with a failure rate of around 18% (Higgins, et al., 2020).
In conclusion, there are a variety of birth control methods available for those wanting to avoid an unwanted pregnancy. It is important to discuss the individual risks and benefits associated with each method with a healthcare professional in order to choose the best method for your needs.
References
Alfouzan, A., El-Ghamdi, M., Al-Ghamdi, A., & Al-Khenaizan, S. (2019). Contraceptive Pill: Benefits, Risks, Side Effects, and Effectiveness. International Journal of Women’s Health and Reproduction Sciences, 7(3), 79-85.
Higgins, E.A., Glantz, A., & Goldman, L. (2020). Contraceptive methods: Risks and benefits. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 223(2), B7-B15.
Kaur, H., Singh, S., Kaushal, S., & Sharma, M. (2019). Contraceptive Injection: A Review. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 23(4), 439-446.
López-Varela, A. & Domínguez, A. (2020). Intrauterine Device: Benefits and Risks. US Pharmacist, 45(4), 38-44.