Borderline Intelligence: What It Is and How It Can Affect Learning
Borderline intelligence, also known as low-average intelligence, is a term used to describe individuals who exhibit cognitive abilities that are significantly below average, but not low enough to be classified as intellectually disabled. While the exact criteria for borderline intelligence is not universally agreed upon, it is generally accepted that individuals with borderline intelligence have IQ scores between 70 and 85, and that their functioning is typically significantly below that of their academic peers. This can have a substantial impact on an individual’s ability to learn, and consequently on their academic achievements.
Borderline intelligence typically occurs as a result of biological factors, such as genetic abnormalities, or environmental factors, such as poor nutrition or exposure to environmental toxins. It is important to note, however, that there is also a large degree of variability in borderline intelligence, and that many individuals with borderline intelligence are capable of learning and achieving, despite their difficulties.
Individuals with borderline intelligence often have difficulty with abstract concepts, and may struggle to understand and remember complex information. They may also have difficulty with tasks that require a high degree of executive functioning, such as planning, organizing, and multi-tasking. Additionally, they may struggle to maintain focus when presented with a task or activity that is not of immediate interest. As a result, individuals with borderline intelligence may have difficulty following through on tasks, completing assignments, and keeping up with their peers.
In order to maximize academic success, it is important to create an environment that is supportive of an individual with borderline intelligence. This may include providing extra help and support with tasks, breaking down complex information into more manageable chunks, and providing additional time for assignments. Additionally, it is important to recognize and celebrate the successes of an individual with borderline intelligence, as this can be a great way to foster motivation and self-esteem.
Overall, borderline intelligence is a term used to describe individuals whose cognitive abilities are significantly below average, but not low enough to be classified as intellectually disabled. While this can have a substantial impact on an individual’s ability to learn, it is important to recognize that many individuals with borderline intelligence are capable of learning and achieving, with the right support and environment.
References
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Smits-Engelsman, B., & Kalverboer, A. (1999). Executive functions in children with learning disabilities. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 41(4), 240–246. doi:10.1017/s0012162299000733