Brachycephaly is a type of craniosynostosis, a condition in which the skull bones fuse together prematurely and the head takes on an abnormally wide and short shape. This condition is becoming increasingly common among infants due to the popularity of certain dog breeds, such as the French Bulldog, which have a naturally brachycephalic head shape. This article will discuss the causes, diagnosis, and management of brachycephaly.
Causes
Brachycephaly is caused by premature fusion of the skull bones, which prevents the skull from expanding as the brain grows. This can be caused by genetic mutations, environmental factors, or a combination of both. In some cases, the premature fusion is due to craniosynostosis, a condition in which the skull bones fuse together due to a defect in the connective tissue between them. In other cases, the premature fusion is due to external forces, such as tight swaddling or headgear, or a trauma to the head.
Diagnosis
Brachycephaly is typically diagnosed during a physical exam. During the physical exam, the doctor will examine the shape of the skull and look for signs of craniosynostosis. In some cases, an x-ray may be ordered to confirm the diagnosis.
Management
If the brachycephaly is caused by craniosynostosis, surgery may be necessary to correct the condition. The goal of the surgery is to allow the skull to expand as the brain grows, and it is typically done within the first 12 months of life. If the brachycephaly is caused by external forces, such as tight swaddling or headgear, the doctor may recommend that these be avoided.
Conclusion
Brachycephaly is a type of craniosynostosis in which the skull bones fuse together prematurely and the head takes on an abnormally wide and short shape. It can be caused by genetic mutations, environmental factors, or a combination of both. It is typically diagnosed during a physical exam and, if caused by craniosynostosis, can be treated with surgery. If caused by external forces, such as tight swaddling or headgear, these should be avoided.
References
Aldridge, E., & Bialocerkowski, A. (2017). Craniosynostosis: An Overview. Orthopaedic Nursing, 36(3), 162–168. https://doi.org/10.1097/NOR.0000000000000387
Ebb, C. (2020). Brachycephaly. In StatPearls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK540293/
Merkert, S., & Klaue, K. (2017). Craniosynostosis. Seminars in Plastic Surgery, 31(2), 85–95. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1601583