Bulbourethral Glands: Anatomy and Function
The bulbourethral glands, also known as Cowper’s glands, are located within the male reproductive system and are responsible for secreting a lubricating fluid during sexual arousal. This fluid helps to reduce friction and prevent irritation during intercourse. In addition, the glands are believed to play a role in maintaining healthy semen quality. This article will discuss the anatomy and function of bulbourethral glands in more detail.
Anatomy
The bulbourethral glands are located just behind the penis on either side of the urethra. Each gland is approximately 0.5 centimeters in length and consists of several tubuloalveolar glands that are surrounded by a layer of connective tissue (1). The glands empty directly into the urethra via several ducts.
Function
The primary function of the bulbourethral glands is to secrete a lubricating fluid during sexual arousal. This fluid is known as pre-ejaculate and is composed of mucus, prostaglandins, and other molecules (2). The pre-ejaculate helps to reduce friction and prevent irritation during intercourse, as well as aiding with sperm motility.
In addition, the bulbourethral glands may play a role in maintaining healthy semen quality. Studies have shown that the fluid produced by the bulbourethral glands contains bicarbonate ions, which helps to neutralize the acidity of the urethra and improve the survivability of sperm (3).
Conclusion
The bulbourethral glands are an important component of the male reproductive system. They secrete a lubricating fluid that helps to reduce friction and prevent irritation during intercourse, as well as aiding with sperm motility. In addition, the glands may play a role in maintaining healthy semen quality.
References
1. Anson BJ, McVay CB. Morris’s Human Anatomy. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger, 1993.
2. Zavos PM, Swanson M. Biology of Reproduction. 2nd ed. London, England: CRC Press, 2003.
3. Schlegel PN. Spermatogenesis: Normal and Abnormal Development of Germ Cells. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2009.