Buphthalmos: A Review
Introduction
Buphthalmos is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal enlargement of the eyeball. It is commonly known as ‘moon face’ due to the characteristic appearance of the eyes, which become swollen and protrude from the face. The condition is typically caused by increased intraocular pressure resulting from glaucoma, a condition in which the eye is unable to adequately drain fluid. In addition, buphthalmos can occur as a result of injuries, infections, and other medical conditions. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of buphthalmos, its etiology, diagnosis, management, and prognosis.
Etiology
The exact cause of buphthalmos is unknown. However, it is most commonly associated with glaucoma. Glaucoma is a condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure resulting from poor aqueous humor drainage. When this occurs, the eye is unable to adequately drain fluid, resulting in elevated pressure and swelling of the eyeball. Other causes of buphthalmos include trauma, inflammation, and infection.
Diagnosis
Buphthalmos is typically diagnosed through an ocular examination. In addition, imaging techniques such as ultrasound and CT scans may be used to assess the size and shape of the eye. Blood tests may also be used to check for underlying conditions such as glaucoma or infection.
Management
The main goal of management is to reduce intraocular pressure and prevent further damage to the eye. This can be achieved through the use of medications, such as anti-glaucoma drugs, or through surgical procedures, such as trabeculectomy. In some cases, the condition may be managed through lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding activities that increase intraocular pressure.
Prognosis
The prognosis of buphthalmos depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. In general, the prognosis is good if the condition is managed promptly and appropriately. However, it is important to note that permanent vision loss may occur if the condition is left untreated.
Conclusion
Buphthalmos is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal enlargement of the eyeball. It is typically caused by increased intraocular pressure resulting from glaucoma, trauma, inflammation, or infection. Diagnosis is typically achieved through ocular examination and imaging techniques, while management is achieved through medications, surgical procedures, or lifestyle modifications. The prognosis is generally good if the condition is managed promptly and appropriately.
References
American Academy of Ophthalmology. (2021). Glaucoma. Retrieved from https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-glaucoma
Hettinger, A. (2023). What is buphthalmos? Retrieved from https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-buphthalmos-3422072
Lam, D. (2021). What is buphthalmos? Retrieved from https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/buphthalmos#1