Calcium Deficiency Disorders: A Review
Abstract
Calcium deficiency disorders are medical conditions caused by a lack of calcium in the body. These disorders can have a wide range of symptoms and can be caused by a variety of dietary and lifestyle factors. This review examines the types of calcium deficiency disorders, their causes, diagnosis, and treatment.
Introduction
Calcium is an essential mineral for the human body, playing an important role in bone health, muscle and nerve function, and blood clotting. When the body does not get enough calcium from the diet or from the absorption of dietary calcium, it can cause calcium deficiency disorders. These disorders can have a wide range of symptoms, including muscle weakness, fatigue, and bone loss. There are several types of calcium deficiency disorders, and they can be caused by many factors, including dietary deficiencies, certain medications, and certain medical conditions. In this review, we will discuss the different types of calcium deficiency disorders, their causes, diagnosis, and treatment.
Types of Calcium Deficiency Disorders
Calcium deficiency disorders can be divided into two main categories: primary and secondary. Primary calcium deficiency disorders are caused by a lack of dietary calcium. These disorders include hypocalcemia, osteoporosis, and rickets. Secondary calcium deficiency disorders are caused by factors that interfere with the body’s ability to absorb and use dietary calcium. These disorders include renal osteodystrophy, hyperparathyroidism, and vitamin D deficiency.
Causes
Primary calcium deficiency disorders are caused by a lack of dietary calcium. These disorders can occur when a person does not consume enough calcium in their diet, or when their body is unable to absorb or use dietary calcium. Common causes of primary calcium deficiency disorders include inadequate dietary calcium intake, malabsorption, and certain medications.
Secondary calcium deficiency disorders are caused by factors that interfere with the body’s ability to absorb and use dietary calcium. These disorders can be caused by certain medical conditions, such as renal osteodystrophy, hyperparathyroidism, and vitamin D deficiency, as well as certain medications, such as anticonvulsants, diuretics, and corticosteroids.
Diagnosis
Calcium deficiency disorders can be diagnosed through a variety of tests, including blood tests, urine tests, and bone density scans. Blood tests can measure the levels of calcium and other minerals in the blood. Urine tests can measure the levels of calcium and other minerals in the urine. Bone density scans can measure the density of the bones, which can be used to diagnose osteoporosis.
Treatment
The treatment of calcium deficiency disorders depends on the type and cause of the disorder. Primary calcium deficiency disorders are typically treated with dietary changes and calcium supplementation. Secondary calcium deficiency disorders are typically treated with medications, such as calcium supplements, vitamin D supplements, and medications to treat the underlying medical condition.
Conclusion
Calcium deficiency disorders are medical conditions caused by a lack of calcium in the body. These disorders can have a wide range of symptoms and can be caused by a variety of dietary and lifestyle factors. These disorders can be divided into two main categories: primary and secondary. Treatment of calcium deficiency disorders depends on the type and cause of the disorder and can include dietary changes, calcium supplementation, and medications.
References
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. (2021). Calcium deficiency. Retrieved from https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/calcium-deficiency/
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. (2020). Calcium deficiency. Retrieved from https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/calcium-deficiency
U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2021). Calcium deficiency disorders. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/calciuminadequacydisorders.html