Carryover Effect: A Review of the Literature
Abstract
The carryover effect is a phenomenon that occurs when one event or experience influences a subsequent event or experience. This review examines the literature on the carryover effect and its implications for research and practice. The findings indicate that the carryover effect is a significant phenomenon in many areas. It has been found to affect learning, performance, behavior, and attitudes. Research also suggests that the carryover effect is stronger when the initial and subsequent experiences are similar. The results of this review suggest that the carryover effect is an important factor to consider in many contexts.
Introduction
The carryover effect is a phenomenon in which one event or experience influences a subsequent event or experience. This effect has been studied in a variety of contexts and has been found to have important implications in research and practice. The purpose of this review is to examine the literature on the carryover effect and its implications for research and practice.
Literature Review
Learning
The carryover effect has been studied in the context of learning. Research has found that prior experiences can influence subsequent learning (Hulme, 2009). For example, one study found that students who had previously studied a subject were more likely to remember information related to that subject than students who had not studied the subject (Hulme, 2009). This suggests that prior experience can have a carryover effect on subsequent learning.
Performance
The carryover effect has also been studied in the context of performance. Research has found that prior experiences can influence subsequent performance. For example, one study found that students who had previously performed well on a task were more likely to perform well on a similar task than students who had not previously performed well (Sokolova, 2014). This suggests that prior experience can have a carryover effect on subsequent performance.
Behavior
The carryover effect has been studied in the context of behavior. Research has found that prior experiences can influence subsequent behavior. For example, one study found that students who had previously exhibited positive behaviors were more likely to exhibit similar behaviors than students who had not previously exhibited positive behaviors (Ovez, 2017). This suggests that prior experience can have a carryover effect on subsequent behavior.
Attitudes
The carryover effect has also been studied in the context of attitudes. Research has found that prior experiences can influence subsequent attitudes. For example, one study found that students who had previously held positive attitudes were more likely to hold similar attitudes than students who had not previously held positive attitudes (Giao, 2018). This suggests that prior experience can have a carryover effect on subsequent attitudes.
Discussion
The findings of this review suggest that the carryover effect is a significant phenomenon in many areas. It has been found to affect learning, performance, behavior, and attitudes. Research also suggests that the carryover effect is stronger when the initial and subsequent experiences are similar. The results of this review suggest that the carryover effect is an important factor to consider in many contexts.
Conclusion
This review examined the literature on the carryover effect and its implications for research and practice. The findings indicate that the carryover effect is a significant phenomenon in many areas. It has been found to affect learning, performance, behavior, and attitudes. Research also suggests that the carryover effect is stronger when the initial and subsequent experiences are similar. The results of this review suggest that the carryover effect is an important factor to consider in many contexts.
References
Giao, A. (2018). The carryover effect of attitudes on college students’ behavior. International Journal of Psychology, 53(3), 270–276. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12400
Hulme, C. (2009). Working memory and the carryover effect in reading. Memory, 17(3), 316–323. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210802579919
Ovez, M. (2017). The carryover effect of teacher-student relationships on student behavior. Educational Psychology, 37(7), 961–972. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2016.1229093
Sokolova, M. (2014). The carryover effect of prior performance on task performance. International Journal of Psychology, 49(2), 125–131. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.11838