Introduction
The domesticated cat, Felis catus, has been a popular pet for millennia and is the most popular pet in the United States today. Cats have been venerated in many cultures and have been held in high regard for their intelligence, agility, and beauty. In this article, we will discuss the physical and behavioral characteristics of cats, their biology, their history, and their impact on human society.
Physical Characteristics
Cats are small to medium-sized animals, typically between 8 and 16 inches (20-41 cm) in length and 2 to 7 pounds (1-3 kg) in weight. They have an elongated body, a short, thick neck, and long legs. They have a short tail, which is typically proportionate to their body size. Cats are usually covered in fur, and their fur color and pattern can vary based on breed, age, and genetic makeup. Cats have a highly developed sense of smell and are able to detect odors up to 100,000 times more acutely than humans. They have excellent hearing and vision, and their night vision is especially acute.
Biology
Cats are obligate carnivores, meaning they must consume animal-based proteins to survive. The average lifespan of a domestic cat is 12-14 years, although some cats have been known to reach up to 20 years. Cats have a reproductive cycle that is typical of most mammals, with the female going into heat every 2-3 weeks. The gestation period is typically 63-65 days, and a litter of kittens can consist of anywhere from 1-8 kittens.
History
The domestication of cats is believed to have occurred in the Near East approximately 10,000 years ago. Cats were then believed to have arrived in Europe with the Romans, and were later brought to the Americas by European settlers. Over time, cats have been selectively bred to create many different breeds, including Persians, Siamese, and Maine Coons.
Impact on Human Society
Cats have been important companions to humans for centuries. In ancient Egypt, cats were held in high regard and were even worshiped as gods. Today, cats are a popular pet and are kept by millions of people around the world. Cats have also been used as working animals, and are still employed today as mousers in homes and businesses.
Conclusion
Cats are popular pets and have been domesticated for thousands of years. They are small to medium-sized animals with an elongated body, a short, thick neck, and long legs. They have a highly developed sense of smell and excellent hearing and vision, and are obligate carnivores. Cats have been venerated in many cultures and have had a significant impact on human society.
References
American Veterinary Medical Association. (2020). Cats. Retrieved from https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/animal-health-and-welfare/cats
Cat Fanciers’ Association. (2020). Breed Characteristics. Retrieved from https://cfa.org/breed-information/
Norsworthy, G. D., & Gibbs, P. G. (2009). Felis Catus. In S. J. O’Brien (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Cats (pp. 39-42). New York, NY: Facts On File.
Rochlitz, I. (2005). Domestic Cat: The Biology of its Behaviour (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Turner, D. C., & Bateson, P. (2000). The Domestic Cat: The Biology of its Behaviour (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.