Cocaine Habituation: Definition, History, and Referencing
Cocaine habituation is a phenomenon characterized by increasing and compulsive use of cocaine. This habituation is associated with physical and psychological dependence as well as tolerance to the drug. In this article, the definition, history, and referencing of cocaine habituation will be discussed.
Definition
Cocaine habituation is a process by which a person becomes increasingly dependent on the use of cocaine. This process can involve tolerance to the drug, which is a decreased response to the same dose, as well as physical and psychological dependence. Physical dependence is characterized by the presence of withdrawal symptoms when cocaine is not used, while psychological dependence is characterized by cravings and an inability to quit using the drug even in the face of negative consequences.
History
The use of cocaine dates back hundreds of years, with evidence of its use by Incan, Aztec, and Mayan civilizations. In the 19th century, cocaine was used as a treatment for a variety of ailments, including depression and alcoholism. In the early 20th century, cocaine was used in many popular tonics and elixirs, and its use had become more widespread. However, by the mid-20th century, it had become clear that cocaine had serious adverse effects and was associated with addiction. In 1970, cocaine was classified as a Schedule I drug, and its use has since been greatly restricted.
Referencing
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Drug Enforcement Administration. (1970). Controlled substances act. Retrieved from https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2018-07/1970-06-25_controlled_substances_act.pdf
Hart, C.L., & Ksir, C. (2006). Drugs, society, and human behavior (12th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2020). Cocaine. Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/cocaine
World Health Organization. (2019). Cocaine. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/substance_abuse/facts/cocaine/en/