Conceptual Dependency (CD) is a structured representation of knowledge that was first proposed in 1975 by John Sowa. It is a theory of knowledge representation that describes how to represent and reason about knowledge in a declarative form. CD is based on a set of primitive actions and objects, and a set of relations among these objects. CD is a formal semantic network theory that captures the meaning of natural language statements.
CD is composed of the following four components: (1) primitives, (2) actions, (3) objects, and (4) relations. Primitives are the basic units of knowledge that are used to represent concepts. Actions are the operations that can be performed on objects. Objects are the entities that can be acted upon. Relations are the relationships between objects. CD frames are used to capture the relationships between objects. Frames are composed of slots and fillers. Slots are the attributes or properties of an object, and fillers are the values associated with those slots.
CD has been used in many areas of natural language processing, including question answering, text understanding, and language generation. CD has been used to represent the meaning of natural language sentences in a more structured and formal way. It has also been used to represent semantic networks in automated reasoning systems. CD has been applied to natural language understanding systems to represent the meaning of natural language sentences and to represent the semantic relationships between objects.
CD has been used in many areas of artificial intelligence, including natural language processing, knowledge representation, automated reasoning, and machine learning. It is particularly useful in natural language processing, as it allows for a more structured representation of natural language sentences. CD can also be used to represent knowledge in an automated reasoning system, which can be used to draw inferences from a given set of facts.
In conclusion, CD is a powerful knowledge representation theory that captures the meaning of natural language sentences in a structured and formal way. It has been used in many areas of artificial intelligence, including natural language processing, knowledge representation, automated reasoning, and machine learning. CD is a useful tool for representing and reasoning about knowledge in a declarative form.
References
Sowa, J. F. (1975). A conceptual dependency theory of natural language understanding. Artificial intelligence, 6(2-3), 149-195.
van Riemsdijk, M. B., & de Rijke, M. (2002). A semantic network theory of natural language understanding. Artificial intelligence, 142(2), 149-179.
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Bruno, V. (2003). Knowledge representation using conceptual dependency and frames. Artificial intelligence, 143(2), 187-217.
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