Corpus Luteum: An Overview
The corpus luteum (CL) is a complex endocrine-secretory organ composed of multiple cell types that serves a critical role in ovulation and the maintenance of pregnancy (Cabero-Díaz, Rodríguez-López, & López-Sánchez, 2017). Located within the ovary, the CL forms each menstrual cycle from the remnants of the ruptured follicle and is responsible for the production of hormones, including progesterone and estrogen. Progesterone is the primary hormone responsible for the maintenance of pregnancy, while estrogen is essential for the development of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle (Cabero-Díaz et al., 2017).
The CL is highly dynamic, with changes in both its size and hormone production during different phases of the menstrual cycle. It begins to form immediately after ovulation and reaches its maximum size in the luteal phase of the cycle (Days 15 – 28) (Cabero-Díaz et al., 2017). During this phase, the CL produces high levels of progesterone and estrogen, which prepares the endometrium for the implantation of a fertilized egg. If fertilization does not occur, the CL will regress and hormone production will decrease, leading to menstruation (Cabero-Díaz et al., 2017).
If fertilization does occur, the CL will remain active throughout the first trimester of pregnancy and continue to secrete progesterone and estrogen. The CL is an essential component of pregnancy, as these hormones are necessary for the maintenance of the endometrium and the growth and development of the fetus (Cabero-Díaz et al., 2017).
The CL is also a target of various hormones, including gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). These hormones interact with the CL to regulate its size and hormone production, and thus play an important role in the menstrual cycle (Cabero-Díaz et al., 2017).
In conclusion, the corpus luteum is a complex endocrine-secretory organ located within the ovary that serves an essential role in ovulation and pregnancy. Its hormone production is regulated by various hormones, including GnRH, LH, and FSH, and its size and hormone production vary throughout different phases of the menstrual cycle.
References
Cabero-Díaz, J., Rodríguez-López, J. N., & López-Sánchez, G. (2017). The corpus luteum: Its role in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Frontiers in endocrinology, 8, 2.