Criterion validity is a type of validity used to assess the accuracy of a measure in predicting an individual’s performance on an external criterion. This measurement method is used to assess how well a measure reflects an individual’s actual performance on a task. It is often used to evaluate the reliability of a measure and its ability to predict outcomes.
Criterion validity is typically established through a correlation analysis between the measure and an external criterion. This involves collecting data from both the measure and the criterion, and then assessing the degree to which the two are related. A correlation coefficient of 0 indicates no relationship between the two variables, while a coefficient of 1 indicates a perfect positive relationship. The higher the correlation coefficient, the stronger the evidence for criterion validity.
The most common form of criterion validity is known as predictive validity. This type of validity assesses the ability of a measure to accurately predict future performance on an external criterion. For example, a test measuring academic performance could be used to predict future academic success. The degree of predictive validity would be determined by examining the correlation between the test scores and future academic success.
Another form of criterion validity is known as concurrent validity. This type of validity assesses the ability of a measure to accurately reflect an individual’s current performance on an external criterion. For example, a test measuring academic performance could be used to assess an individual’s current academic success. The degree of concurrent validity would be determined by examining the correlation between the test scores and current academic success.
Lastly, criterion validity can also be used to assess the ability of a measure to accurately reflect an individual’s performance on an internal criterion. This type of validity is known as construct validity and is typically established through correlation analyses between the measure and an internal criterion. For example, a test measuring creativity could be used to assess an individual’s creative ability. The degree of construct validity would be determined by examining the correlation between the test scores and creative ability.
In conclusion, criterion validity is a type of validity used to assess the accuracy of a measure in predicting an individual’s performance on an external, internal, or future criterion. This type of validity is typically established through correlation analyses between the measure and an external, internal, or future criterion. The degree of criterion validity is determined by the strength of the correlation between the measure and the criterion.
References
Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Press.
Trochim, W. M. (2006). Validity: Criterion validity. Research methods knowledge base. Retrieved from https://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/valcrit.php