CT-1 (Cardiotrophin-1) is a protein found in mammals that is important for the regulation of cardiomyocyte and vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation and growth. It is a member of the cytokine family of proteins and has been implicated in the regulation of cardiovascular development and homeostasis.
Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) is a cytokine that was first discovered in the late 1990s. It is one of several cytokines that are regulated by the cytokine receptor family members, which includes the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R). CT-1 is expressed in multiple organs and tissues, including the heart, brain, liver, and other organs and is involved in multiple physiological processes, including angiogenesis, myocardial remodeling, and inflammation.
CT-1 has been shown to play an important role in cardiovascular homeostasis and development. It is known to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells, and has been shown to be involved in the regulation of myocardial remodeling, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Additionally, CT-1 has the ability to modulate the expression of various genes involved in cardiomyocyte development, such as GATA4, MEF2C, and Nkx2.5.
In recent studies, CT-1 has been shown to be a potential therapeutic target for various cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, and heart failure. CT-1 has been shown to improve cardiac remodeling and reduce myocardial ischemia in animal models of coronary artery disease and hypertension. Additionally, CT-1 has been shown to improve ventricular remodeling and reduce myocardial fibrosis in animal models of heart failure.
Overall, CT-1 is an important protein in the regulation of cardiomyocyte and vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation and growth. Its involvement in multiple physiological processes, including angiogenesis, myocardial remodeling, and inflammation, make it a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases.
References
Galvez, B. G., Zolgharni, M., & Hering, S. (2018). CT-1 – A novel cytokine in cardiovascular homeostasis and diseases. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine, 28(2), 89-96.
Miyauchi, Y., & Nakayama, M. (2017). CT-1: A cytokine involved in cardiovascular homeostasis and pathological conditions. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(5), 1035.
Karmazyn, M., & Weng, H. (2010). Cardiotrophin-1 and cardiovascular development and pathophysiology. Cardiovascular Research, 87(3), 463-468.
Tahara, S., Taniguchi, H., & Miyauchi, Y. (2018). Role of CT-1 in cardiovascular homeostasis and diseases. BMB Reports, 51(4), 185-192.