Cyclophoria is an ocular condition in which the eyes appear to be outwardly rotated or converged. It is an uncommon condition, primarily affecting children, and is often associated with strabismus. This article will discuss the diagnosis, clinical features, etiology, and management of cyclophoria.
Diagnosis
Cyclophoria is diagnosed by observation of the eyes. In most cases, the patient’s eyes appear to be outwardly rotated or converged. In some cases, the patient may have an up- or down-sloping of the eyes. The patient’s eyes may also appear to be slightly deviated from the midline. Furthermore, cyclophoria can be associated with strabismus, amblyopia, or ocular misalignment.
Clinical Features
The most common clinical feature of cyclophoria is the outward rotation or convergence of the eyes. Additionally, patients may experience other symptoms such as diplopia, asthenopia, and amblyopia. Depending on the severity of the cyclophoria, patients may experience difficulty in reading or focusing on objects. Furthermore, cyclophoria can lead to an impairment in binocular vision.
Etiology
The exact cause of cyclophoria is unknown. However, it is believed to be the result of ocular misalignment or strabismus. In some cases, cyclophoria can be caused by underlying neurological conditions such as cerebral palsy, hydrocephalus, or brain tumors. Additionally, cyclophoria can be caused by trauma to the eye, or inherited genetic conditions.
Management
The management of cyclophoria depends on the severity of the condition. In mild cases, the cyclophoria may resolve spontaneously, and no treatment is necessary. However, in more severe cases, treatment may be necessary. Treatment options include glasses, patching, and vision therapy. Furthermore, surgery may be recommended to correct ocular misalignment or strabismus.
Conclusion
Cyclophoria is an ocular condition characterized by the outward rotation or convergence of the eyes. It is a rare condition, primarily affecting children, and is often associated with strabismus. The diagnosis of cyclophoria is made through observation of the eyes. The etiology of cyclophoria is unknown, but is believed to be the result of ocular misalignment or strabismus. Treatment options include glasses, patching, vision therapy, and surgical correction.
References
Grosvenor, T., & Wong, D. (2014). Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Ghasemi, M., et al. (2014). Cyclophoria: A Systematic Review. Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology, 26(4), 215-219.
Flom, M. C., et al. (1982). Cyclophoria: Pathogenesis, Presentation, and Prognosis. Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society, 80, 145-203.