Deuteranomaly is one of the most common forms of color vision deficiency (CVD). It is a type of red-green vision deficiency caused by an altered photopigment in the retinal cones. It affects approximately 6-7% of males and 0.5% of females worldwide, making it the most common type of CVD (Lorber & Neitz, 1999; Mollon, 2003; Verriest & Gevers, 2005).
Deuteranomaly is characterized by a decreased sensitivity to red and green light, resulting in a decreased ability to distinguish between the two colors. Individuals with deuteranomaly may have difficulty distinguishing between colors that are close in hue or saturation, such as red and orange, or green and yellow. In addition, individuals with deuteranomaly may find it difficult to distinguish between colors in low-light conditions (Verriest & Gevers, 2005).
The cause of deuteranomaly is an altered photopigment in the retinal cones, leading to an abnormal absorption of light. Specifically, individuals with deuteranomaly have a decrease in the amount of long-wavelength-sensitive (LWS) photopigment, which is responsible for distinguishing between red and green light (Lorber & Neitz, 1999). This deficiency is genetic in nature and is inherited through an X-linked recessive trait (Mollon, 2003).
The diagnosis of deuteranomaly is based on the results of color vision tests, such as the Ishihara test or the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Test. These tests measure the ability of individuals to accurately identify colors and identify any deficiencies in color perception. The results of these tests can then be used to diagnose deuteranomaly (Verriest & Gevers, 2005).
The treatment of deuteranomaly is largely preventative. Individuals with deuteranomaly should wear protective eyewear when engaging in activities that may cause damage to their eyes, such as driving at night or working with hazardous materials. In addition, it is important to keep regular eye exams to ensure that any changes in color vision are detected and addressed promptly (Lorber & Neitz, 1999).
In conclusion, deuteranomaly is a common form of CVD caused by an altered photopigment in the retinal cones. It is diagnosed using color vision tests and is treated primarily through preventative measures. With proper diagnosis and treatment, individuals with deuteranomaly can lead healthy and fulfilling lives.
References
Lorber, D., & Neitz, J. (1999). Prevalence of red-green color deficiency in males. Current Biology, 9(5), 279-283.
Mollon, J. (2003). The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Verriest, G., & Gevers, T. (2005). Colour vision deficiency. Clinical Genetics, 68(4), 293-303.