Dominance relationships, also known as hierarchical relationships, are a type of social relationship in which one individual has greater power or influence over the other. These types of relationships have been observed in a variety of species, including primates, wolves, and even humans. The purpose of this article is to discuss how dominance relationships form and function, as well as the impact they have on the individuals involved.
Dominance relationships are typically established through physical or social aggression. In many species, such as primates, males are often more dominant than females. This is due to the fact that males typically possess greater physical strength and size than their female counterparts. In some cases, dominance is also established through social interactions, such as verbal communication or controlling the allocation of resources.
Once a dominance relationship has been established, it typically remains stable and consistent over time. This is due to the fact that a subordinate individual typically has less power or influence than the dominant individual. As a result, the subordinate individual is less likely to challenge the dominant individual’s authority. In addition, the dominant individual usually has access to more resources and privileges than the subordinate individual.
Dominance relationships can have both positive and negative impacts on the individuals involved. On the positive side, these types of relationships can provide structure and stability to a social group. Additionally, a dominant individual may be able to protect and provide resources for the subordinate individual. On the negative side, dominance relationships can lead to aggression and conflict between individuals. Furthermore, a subordinate individual may be prevented from pursuing their own goals or interests.
In conclusion, dominance relationships are common in many species and can have both positive and negative impacts on the individuals involved. It is important to note that these types of relationships are not always healthy or beneficial, and further research is needed to understand how they form and function.
References
Berger, J. (2008). The lost world of the wolf. New York, NY: Scholastic Press.
de Waal, F. B. M. (2005). Chimpanzee politics: Power and sex among apes (Rev. ed.). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Halliday, T. R., & McCabe, R. (2006). Social relationships in primates: An assessment of proximate and ultimate causes. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 120(3), 219-234. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.120.3.219
Jones, D. M., & Rosenfeld, C. (2010). Social relationships and health. American Psychologist, 65(2), 131-140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017663