Epileptogenic Lesion: A Review
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurring unprovoked seizures (Ngugi, Uthman, & Okello, 2018). The cause of epilepsy is not always known, but it is believed to be associated with various types of lesions or changes in the brain (Tellez-Zenteno, et al., 2018). Epileptogenic lesions (ELS), also known as epileptogenic zones, are areas of the brain that are believed to be responsible for the generation of seizures in some patients (Tellez-Zenteno, et al., 2018). This review focuses on the definition, diagnosis, and management of ELS in patients with epilepsy.
Definition
Epileptogenic lesions are structural abnormalities in the brain that are thought to be responsible for the generation of seizures in some patients (Tellez-Zenteno, et al., 2018). These lesions can be caused by a variety of factors, including congenital abnormalities, infections, brain injuries, and tumors (Tellez-Zenteno, et al., 2018). They can also be caused by genetic or metabolic disorders (Tellez-Zenteno, et al., 2018).
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of ELS is complex and can involve a variety of methods, including neurological examination, brain imaging, and electroencephalography (EEG) (Tellez-Zenteno, et al., 2018). Neurological examination can help to identify any areas of the brain that are responsible for the generation of seizures, such as areas of abnormal brain tissue. Brain imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans, can also be used to identify any structural abnormalities in the brain (Tellez-Zenteno, et al., 2018). In addition, EEG can be used to detect any abnormalities in the electrical activity of the brain (Tellez-Zenteno, et al., 2018).
Management
The management of ELS depends on the underlying cause of the lesion and the severity of the epilepsy. In some cases, the epilepsy can be managed with medications or lifestyle modifications (Tellez-Zenteno, et al., 2018). However, in some cases, surgery may be required to remove the lesion or to control the seizures (Tellez-Zenteno, et al., 2018). In addition, certain therapies, such as electrical stimulation, may be used to help reduce the severity of the seizures (Tellez-Zenteno, et al., 2018).
Conclusion
Epileptogenic lesions (ELS) are structural abnormalities in the brain that are believed to be responsible for the generation of seizures in some patients with epilepsy. The diagnosis of ELS is complex and can involve a variety of methods, including neurological examination, brain imaging, and electroencephalography (EEG). The management of ELS depends on the underlying cause of the lesion and the severity of the epilepsy and can include medications, lifestyle modifications, and surgical interventions.
References
Ngugi, A., Uthman, O. A., & Okello, E. (2018). Epidemiology of epilepsy: A systematic review of incidence and prevalence worldwide. Seizure, 57, 4–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2018.04.009
Tellez-Zenteno, J. F., Wiebe, S., Groover, R. V., Sperling, M. R., French, J., & Kanner, A. M. (2018). Diagnosis, management, and treatment of epilepsy. Neurologic Clinics, 36(2), 239-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ncl.2018.02.005