Estrone (E1), or 3-hydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one, is a naturally occurring steroid hormone and a major estrogen found in humans and other mammals. It is the most potent form of naturally occurring estrogen in humans and is responsible for the development of female secondary characteristics during puberty (Kasper et al., 2016).
Estrone is produced primarily in the ovaries, but it is also produced in the adrenal glands and adipose tissue. Its production is increased during pregnancy, and it is also found in the urine of pregnant women (Kasper et al., 2016). In postmenopausal women, estrone is the main circulating estrogen, and its levels are higher in women who are overweight or obese (Kasper et al., 2016).
Estrone plays an important role in the regulation of reproductive function and development. It plays a role in the regulation of menstruation, ovulation, fetal development, and lactation (Kasper et al., 2016). It is also involved in the regulation of the immune system, bone remodeling, and the development of the cardiovascular system (Kasper et al., 2016). Additionally, estrone is responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics, such as breast development and body shape (Kasper et al., 2016).
High levels of estrone can lead to an increased risk of breast cancer and endometrial cancer (Kasper et al., 2016). The risk of these cancers is also associated with long-term use of estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (Kasper et al., 2016). Additionally, high levels of estrone have been linked to an increased risk of stroke, heart attack, and blood clots (Kasper et al., 2016).
To reduce the risk of cancer and other health problems associated with elevated levels of estrone, it is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle. This includes eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy weight (Kasper et al., 2016). Additionally, it is important to discuss hormone replacement therapy with a doctor before starting treatment.
In conclusion, estrone is a naturally occurring steroid hormone and a major estrogen found in humans and other mammals. It plays an important role in the regulation of reproductive function and development. It is also involved in the regulation of the immune system, bone remodeling, and the development of the cardiovascular system. High levels of estrone can lead to an increased risk of breast cancer and endometrial cancer. To reduce the risk of cancer and other health problems associated with elevated levels of estrone, it is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle and to discuss hormone replacement therapy with a doctor before starting treatment.
References
Kasper, D. L., Braunwald, E., Fauci, A. S., Hauser, S. L., Longo, D. L., Jameson, J. L., & Loscalzo, J. (Eds.). (2016). Harrison’s principles of internal medicine (19th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.