FEMININITY

Femininity: Definition, History, and Characteristics

Femininity is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles that are socially and culturally constructed as appropriate for women and girls. It is typically associated with notions of passivity, delicacy, and domesticity. Femininity is seen as a separate quality from masculinity, and is often linked to socially accepted gender roles.

Definition

Femininity is a socially constructed concept that has evolved over time. It is typically defined as a set of gender roles, behaviors, and attributes that are traditionally considered to be more appropriate for women than for men. It is distinct from masculinity, which is typically associated with strength, assertiveness, and active roles in society. Femininity is often seen as softer and more nurturing, and is often associated with domesticity, caregiving, and femininity-associated roles such as motherhood.

History

The concept of femininity has evolved over time and across cultures. Historically, femininity has been associated with notions of modesty, delicacy, submissiveness, and passivity. Such attributes were seen as appropriate for women in the early modern era, when the primary role of women was to be wives and mothers in the home. Many of these attributes were seen as essential for a woman to fulfill her role as a wife and mother, and were seen as the ideal qualities for a woman to possess.

In the 19th and 20th centuries, as more women began to engage in paid labor outside of the home, the traditional roles and expectations of femininity began to change. Women began to be seen as independent and capable of taking on more active roles in society. The notion of femininity began to encompass a wider range of attributes and behaviors, including strength, assertiveness, and independence.

Characteristics

Femininity is typically associated with certain characteristics and behaviors. These include: nurturing, caring, gentle, sensitive, domestic, compassionate, emotional, and passive. Feminine behaviors often involve caregiving, such as providing emotional support or taking on domestic roles. Femininity is also associated with certain forms of dress and physical appearance, such as wearing makeup or wearing feminine clothing.

Conclusion

Femininity is a socially constructed concept that has evolved over time. It is typically defined as a set of gender roles, behaviors, and attributes that are traditionally considered to be more appropriate for women than for men. It is distinct from masculinity, which is typically associated with strength, assertiveness, and active roles in society. Femininity is often seen as softer and more nurturing, and is often associated with domesticity, caregiving, and femininity-associated roles such as motherhood.

References

Baca Zinn, M., & Eitzen, D. S. (2012). Diversity in families (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

Espeland, W. N., & Freeman, M. (1998). Commodifying femininity: Constructing the topic of gender in media discourse. In C. Schwalbe & M. Schwalbe (Eds.), Gender: Ideas, interactions, institutions (pp. 150-168). New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company.

Kimmel, M. S., & Aronson, A. (Eds.). (2005). The gendered society reader (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Koenig, M. B., & Eagly, A. H. (2011). Gender and leadership. In J. T. Jost, A. C. Kay, & H. Thorisdottir (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (5th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 598-638). New York, NY: Wiley.

Lorber, J. (1994). Paradoxes of gender. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Ridgeway, C. L. (2011). Framed by gender: How gender inequality persists in the modern world. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

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