Formal logic is a branch of mathematics that involves the study of the formal properties of valid arguments and reasoning. It is primarily concerned with the structure and behavior of logical systems and the ability to construct valid deductions from given premises. The primary focus of formal logic is to provide a rigorous framework for evaluating the validity of arguments.
Formal logic has its origins in the work of Aristotle, who developed the concept of the syllogism and the idea of logical consequence. Since then, the development of formal logic has been driven by the need to formalize the principles of logical reasoning. This has led to the development of a number of distinct branches of formal logic, such as propositional logic, predicate logic, modal logic, and temporal logic.
The study of formal logic is essential for the development of any logical system. It provides a framework for testing the validity of arguments and helps to identify logical fallacies. It is also important for understanding the use of logic in decision-making and problem-solving.
References
Aristotle. (1941). On Interpretation. In The Basic Works of Aristotle (pp. 3-17). New York, NY: Random House.
Boolos, G., & Jeffrey, R. (2007). Computability and Logic (4th ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Copi, I. M. (2013). Introduction to Logic (14th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson.
Girle, R. (2000). Logic: The Basis of Rational Inquiry. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Hansen, H. V. (2006). An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science. London, UK: Routledge.