Insulin Shock Therapy: Definition and Characteristics
Insulin Shock Therapy (IST) is a medical treatment used to treat psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, depression, and mania. IST involves administering a large dose of insulin intravenously to induce a hypoglycemic state. This hypoglycemic state induces a seizure-like state that is thought to reset the chemical balance of the brain, resulting in improved behavior. IST is a controversial treatment as it carries the risk of serious side effects, and its efficacy has been questioned.
IST is typically administered in a hospital or clinic setting, with the patient under the supervision of a physician. The patient is given insulin intravenously and monitored closely for signs of hypoglycemia. If hypoglycemia occurs, the patient is given glucose or other sources of carbohydrate to raise their blood sugar levels. The amount of insulin administered is determined by the patient’s body weight, age, medical history, and individual response.
The primary risk associated with IST is hypoglycemia, which can cause dizziness, confusion, and seizures. Other risks include electrolyte imbalance, increased risk of infection, and an increased risk of death. IST is not recommended for use in pregnant women or children.
IST has been the subject of much debate, with some arguing that its efficacy has not been adequately demonstrated and that it carries too much risk. The American Psychiatric Association does not recommend IST for any mental health disorders.
Despite these concerns, IST remains a viable option for some patients. A number of studies have indicated that IST may be beneficial in treating schizophrenia, depression, and mania in certain patients. Further research is needed to determine the efficacy of IST and to determine which patients may benefit from this treatment.
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2017). Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 174(4), 1-56.
Brunette, M. F., & Miller, B. J. (2015). Insulin Shock Therapy: History, Risks, and Uses. Psychiatry (Edgmont), 12(3), 37–41.
Lam, W. W., & Chiu, E. F. (2015). Insulin Shock Therapy for Psychiatric Illness: A Historical Review. Hong Kong Journal of Psychiatry, 25(2), 7-13.
Rosenbaum, J. F., & Fava, M. (2008). The Psychopharmacology Algorithm Project at the Harvard South Shore Program: An Update on Insulin Shock Therapy. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 16(2), 87-95.